With the release of SharePoint 2013 SP1, Windows Server 2012 R2 is now a supported platform.  In order to use Windows Server 2012 R2, download the SharePoint 2013 SP1 ISO from MSDN or Microsoft Volume Licensing as slip-streaming SP1 into non SP1 media is not supported.  Installing SharePoint 2013 on Windows Server 2012 followed by SP1 and upgrading to Windows Server 2012 R2 isn’t supported either.

I’ve found that the prerequisite installer within the SP1 media isn’t fully compatible with Windows Server 2012 R2 as it errors when enabling the Web Server and Application Server roles.  In order to install the prerequisites, open PowerShell as an administrator and run the following commands, updating the sources parameter to point to the SXS directory on your Windows Server 2012 R2 media.

Import-Module ServerManager

Add-WindowsFeature NET-WCF-HTTP-Activation45,NET-WCF-TCP-Activation45,NET-WCF-Pipe-Activation45 -Source %SXSFOLDER%

Add-WindowsFeature Net-Framework-Features,Web-Server,Web-WebServer,Web-Common-Http,Web-Static-Content,Web-Default-Doc,Web-Dir-Browsing,Web-Http-Errors,Web-App-Dev,Web-Asp-Net,Web-Net-Ext,Web-ISAPI-Ext,Web-ISAPI-Filter,Web-Health,Web-Http-Logging,Web-Log-Libraries,Web-Request-Monitor,Web-Http-Tracing,Web-Security,Web-Basic-Auth,Web-Windows-Auth,Web-Filtering,Web-Digest-Auth,Web-Performance,Web-Stat-Compression,Web-Dyn-Compression,Web-Mgmt-Tools,Web-Mgmt-Console,Web-Mgmt-Compat,Web-Metabase,Application-Server,AS-Web-Support,AS-TCP-Port-Sharing,AS-WAS-Support, AS-HTTP-Activation,AS-TCP-Activation,AS-Named-Pipes,AS-Net-Framework,WAS,WAS-Process-Model,WAS-NET-Environment,WAS-Config-APIs,Web-Lgcy-Scripting,Windows-Identity-Foundation,Server-Media-Foundation,Xps-Viewer,Windows-Identity-Foundation -Source %SXSFOLDER%

Reboot to complete the installation of the roles, then run the prerequisite installer within the SP1 media to install the other prerequisites.